Caspase-3-mediated cleavage of the NF-κB subunit p65 at the NH2 terminus potentiates naphthoquinone analog-induced apoptosis

The transcription factor nuclear factor KB (NF-KB) plays a crucial role in immune and inflammatory response, and protects cells from apoptosis, In this report, we investigate whether the NF-KB signaling pathway is blocked during apoptosis induced by 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (NA), an analog of naphthoquinone, It is observed that NA triggers apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells and destroys resistance to apoptosis caused by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Bata presented in this study establish that p65/Re1A, a subunit of NF-KB, is cleaved at Asp(97) by caspase-3 during apoptosis, Caspase-3-cleaved p65 loses transcriptional activity and potentiates NA-induced apoptosis, in contrast to an uncleavable mutant of p65, which protects the cell from apoptosis, Caspase-3, which is responsible for the cleavage of p65, is activated via the cytochrome c/caspase-9 signaling pathway rather than Fas/caspase-8 pathway during NA-induced apoptosis, Our results suggest that NA induces apoptosis by the negative regulation of cell survival through caspase-3-mediated cleavage of p65.