Precancer in ulcerative colitis: the role of the field effect and its clinical implications

被引:44
作者
Baker, Kathryn T. [1 ]
Salk, Jesse J. [2 ,3 ]
Brentnall, Teresa A. [4 ]
Risques, Rosa Ana
机构
[1] Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[2] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[3] TwinStrand Biosci Seattle, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
[4] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
关键词
INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; SPORADIC COLORECTAL CANCERS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MUTATIONS; POPULATION-BASED COHORT; NEOPLASTIC PROGRESSION; COLONIC-MUCOSA; BARRETTS-ESOPHAGUS; CLONAL EVOLUTION;
D O I
10.1093/carcin/bgx117
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Cancer often arises in preneoplastic fields of histologically normal appearance. These fields have been extensively studied in ulcerative colitis, a cancer predisposing inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we review the field effect in ulcerative colitis and its utility to improve early cancer detection.Cumulative evidence indicates that a significant proportion of cancer evolution may occur before the development of histological abnormalities. While recent improvements in DNA sequencing technology have begun to reveal the presence of these early preneoplastic clones, the concept of 'premalignant field' was already introduced by Slaughter more than half a century ago. Also referred to as 'field effect', 'field defect' or 'field cancerization', these terms describe the phenomenon by which molecular alterations develop in normal-appearing tissue and expand to form premalignant patches with the potential to progress to dysplasia and cancer. Field effects have been well-characterized in ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease that increases the risk of colorectal cancer. The study of the molecular alterations that define these fields is informative of mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression and has provided potential targets for early cancer detection. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the molecular alterations that comprise the field effect in ulcerative colitis and the clinical utility of these fields for cancer screening and prevention.
引用
收藏
页码:11 / 20
页数:10
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