Primary membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a child with down syndrome complicated with CVA: A case report

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder that affects multiple organs but glomerular lesions were reported only in case reports such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN).Case presentation: A 14-year-old male child with DS was presented with generalized edema over three months. Laboratory tests revealed nephrotic syndrome (NS) and urinary tract infection (UTI). Renal ultrasound consisted with CKD. Kidney biopsy corresponded with MPGN. Also, all investigations for secondary underlying disorders came back negative suggesting the idiopathic form. Moreover, the status complicated with cerebrovascular accident (CVA), which has not been described in a DS- patient with glomerulonephritis.Discussion/conclusion: The relationship between DS and the incidence of glomerulonephritis is unclear. we suggest regular monitoring of renal function and urinalysis in different-age patients with Down syndrome, because early detection of renal disorders may prevent or slow down the progression and could be beneficial for increasing survival.