Polymers represent the largest and versatile class of biomaterials being extensively applied in multitude of biomedical applications. This versatility is attributed to the relative ease with which polymers can be designed and prepared with a wide variety of structures and appropriate physical, chemical, surface and biomimetic properties. As described in this book a new arsenal of synthetic and applied methodologies are under study that provides an enhanced range of tools to greatly expand the biomedical applications of polymeric materials.