The LETR-Principle: A novel method to assess electrode-tissue contact in radiofrequency ablation

Introduction: Stable electrode-tissue contact is crucial for successful radiofrequency ablation of cardiac tachyarrhythmias. In this in vitro study, a custom-made radiofrequency generator was used to evaluate the correlation between tip temperature response to a minimal radiofrequency power delivery (Low Energy Temperature Response: LETR-Principle) and electrode-tissue contact as well as lesion size. Methods and Results: A battery-powered radiofrequency generator (LETR-Box, 500 kHz, 0.1 to 0.3 W) could measure the temperature increase at the tip electrode with 0.01 degrees C accuracy. The device was tested in vitro using isolated porcine ventricular tissue, For various electrode-tissue settings (i.e., 0 to 0.89 N contact force), the temperature increase (Delta T) due to 0.1-W power delivery for 10 seconds was recorded. Subsequently, for the same electrode-tissue contact, a temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation was performed (70 degrees C target temperature, 50-W maximum output, 30 sec). Thereafter, the lesion size was measured histologically, To prove the safety of the applied LETR-Principle, the tissue was inspected microscopically after continuous radiofrequency power delivery of 0.3 W for 1 hour with high contact pressure (1.33 N). The delivery of 0.1-W radiofrequency power resulted in an average Delta T of 0.18 degrees +/- 0.13 degrees C. During temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation, the tip temperature was 59 degrees 1: 8.5 degrees C, resulting in a lesion depth of 4.8 +/- 0.6 mm, The correlation coefficient between Delta T and contact force was 0.97 and 0.81, respectively, for lesion depth. No lesion was microscopically visible after power delivery of 0.3 VV for 1 hour with 1.33 N contact pressure. Conclusion: The LETR-Principle safely indicates electrode-tissue contact and lesion depth under in vitro conditions and can be useful for catheter positioning during radiofrequency ablation procedures.