A framework for retrofitting existing houses to nearly zero energy buildings: Development and a real-life case study

Nearly zero energy building is a promising solution for tackling the conflict between the reducing fossil fuel reserves and the ever-increasing energy demand. Initiatives and goals for nearly zero energy buildings have been announced in different countries, as well as a series of strategies and incentives for advocating renewable energy applications. Within this context, homeowners' energy awareness has been strengthened and more and more of them are willing to invest on energy efficiency improvement and renewable energy application. However, there is no clear method or procedure for common practi-tioners to follow in the practice of energy retrofit of existing buildings, more specifically existing houses. This paper fills this pressing research gap by developing a framework for retrofitting existing houses to nearly zero energy buildings. The developed framework is then implemented on a real house in Beijing to demonstrate its reliability and practicability. The innovations of this study lie in the full consideration of the actual conditions of existing houses as well as the practicability of the framework, and for the first time, the detailed energy performance measurements of a real-life house from its original inefficient con-dition to after being retrofitted to a nearly zero energy building are presented. The framework can be easily extended to applications of other renewables and serve as a guideline for the wide common prac-titioners in their real building renovation practices. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.