Scedosporium apiospermum infection in a kidney transplant recipient

Background: Emerging fungi infections, although being not the most frequent, are a cause of major morbidity and mortality in recipients of solid organ transplants. The infections caused by the fungi Scedosporium apiospermum are a paradigmatic example of these. Case report: We present the clinical case of a 55 year-old female kidney transplant recipient that got infected with S. apiospermum through the skin. Intensive antifungal therapy was started, especially considering that the patient had an arteriovenous fistula at the site of infection. The fungus could have kept in the fistula, and a subsequent reinfection took place. The patient required both medical and surgical treatment (removal of the prosthetic material), that led to a complete recovery. Conclusions: S. apiospermum infections carry a high risk of complications, and are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed/transplant patients. Therefore, the adequate knowledge of this type of mycosis, as well as the making of an adequate differential diagnosis, become fundamental for the prevention of the complications arising from them. (C) 2019 Asociacion Espanola de Micologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.