Gravity-driven membrane filtration of primary wastewater effluent for edible plant cultivations: Membrane performance and health risk assessment

被引:12
作者
Guojonsdottir, Sif [1 ]
Ge, Liya [2 ]
Zhao, Ke [2 ,3 ]
Lisak, Grzegorz [2 ,3 ]
Wu, Bing [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Iceland, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
[2] Nanyang Technol Univ, Nanyang Environm & Water Res Inst, Residues & Resource Reclamat Ctr, 1 Cleantech Loop,CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
[3] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore
来源
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING | 2022年 / 10卷 / 01期
关键词
Gravity-driven membrane; Fouling mechanism; Geothermal water; Heavy metals; Primary wastewater; Vegetables; RECLAMATION; STABILIZATION; TECHNOLOGY; IRRIGATION; BIOREACTOR; MECHANISMS; MODEL; FATE;
D O I
10.1016/j.jece.2021.107046
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
In this study, gravity-driven membrane (GDM) systems packed with Icelandic lava stones (0%, 26% and 53%) were employed to treat primary wastewater for reuse. The three GDM systems could achieve > 75% removal of organics. While, the lava stone biocarriers facilitated higher nitrogen removals (>51% vs. similar to 37% without biocarriers), which were related to the presence of manganese oxide (MnOx) in the lava stones. A combined mechanism of pore constriction and cake fouling was predominant during flux stabilization, regardless of lava stone packing ratios. Compared with non-cleaning or geothermal water-/persulfate-based cleaning, sodium hypochlorite-based cleaning (0.5% in geothermal water at 50 degrees C, 10 min per 3-4 days) was more effective in improving flux recovery (similar to 46-79%) and water permeability (similar to 23-79%). Furthermore, GDM permeate was used to irrigate two vegetables (tomato and basil), with tap water and commercial fertilizer as comparison baselines. Statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) results were observed for vegetable growth profiles and non-essential heavy metal contents in soils. Even though the GDM permeate-irrigated vegetables had a slightly higher uptake of non-essential metal cadmium (Cd) compared to those with tap water, the hazard quotient index was still less than 1, indicating negligible human health risk.
引用
收藏
页数:10
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