Solid-State Spectroscopic Investigation of Molecular Interactions between Clofazimine and Hypromellose Phthalate in Amorphous Solid Dispersions

It has been technically challenging to specify the detailed molecular interactions and binding motif between drugs and polymeric inhibitors in the solid state. To further investigate drug-polymer interactions from a molecular perspective, a solid dispersion of clofazimine (CLF) and hypromellose phthalate (HPMCP), with reported superior amorphous drug loading capacity and physical stability, was selected as a model system. The CLF HPMCP interactions in solid dispersions were investigated by various solid state spectroscopic methods including ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), infrared (IR), and solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. Significant spectral changes suggest that protonated CLF is ionically bonded to the carboxylate from the phthalyl substituents of HPMCP. In addition, multivariate analysis of spectra was applied to optimize the concentration of polymeric inhibitor used to formulate the amorphous solid dispersions. Most interestingly, proton transfer between CLF and carboxylic acid was experimentally investigated from 2D H-1-H-1 homonuclear double quantum NMR spectra by utilizing the ultrafast magic-angle spinning (MAS) technique. The molecular interaction pattern and the critical bonding structure in CLF HPMCP dispersions were further delineated by successfully correlating ssNMR findings with quantum chemistry calculations. These high-resolution investigations provide critical structural information on active pharmaceutical-ingredient polymer interaction, which can be useful for rational selection of appropriate polymeric carriers, which are effective crystallization inhibitors for amorphous drugs.