Deployment and Performance of an X-Band Dual-Polarization Radar during the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment

An X-band dual-polarization radar (XPRAD) was deployed in Guangdong province as part of the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SCMREX) during the storm season in 2016. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of XPRAD observations during SCMREX with emphasis on data processing and rainfall products. The differential phase-based attenuation correction and radar calibration using self-consistency of dual-polarization observables are presented. It is found that the standard deviation of the Z(dr) bias is less than 0.2 dB based on 'light rain at low angle' and 'dry aggregate snow' observations. Cross-comparison with two standard S-band China New Generation Weather Radars (CINRAD) shows that the bias of Z(h) has a mean value less than 1.5 dBZ and a standard deviation less than 0.5 dBZ. In addition, fifteen rainfall events that occurred during the intensive observing period (IOP) are analyzed to demonstrate the rainfall estimation performance of XPRAD. In particular, rainfall accumulations at 1-, 2- and 3-h scales derived using R(K-dp) and R(Z(h), Z(dr)) relations are evaluated using national level rain gauge data and CINRAD-based rainfall estimation. The results show that both R(K-dp)- and R(Z(h), Z(dr))-based products agree well with the rain gauge observations and CINRAD estimation. The difference between R(K-dp) and R(Z(h), Z(dr)) is not significant, although R(K-dp) shows slightly better performance than R(Z(h), Z(dr)).