On the fast track: Information acquisition costs and information production

Using the introduction of high-speed rail (HSR) as an exogenous shock to costs of information acquisition, we show reductions in information-acquisition costs lead to (i) a significant increase in information production, evidenced by a higher frequency of analysts visiting portfolio firms and (ii) improvement in output quality, manifested in higher forecast accuracy and better recommendations. The effect is more pronounced for firms with information that is difficult to produce. Importantly, more information production is also associated with improved price efficiency. We corroborate these findings using a largescale survey of financial analysts. Finally, both the empirical and survey results highlight the importance of soft information in analysts' unique-information production. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.