Objective - This article aims to review the dream theme in the Talmud Berakhot. Method - It is backed up by two axes: first, psychoanalysis in its connexions to language with Jacques Lacan and second phenomenological hermeneutics with Paul Ricceur's work following Husserl, which was of use to us as a guideline. Results - The numerous dream metaphors in the Talmud are described in reference to the more recent theories, which give them a new sense. The language prevails over the image in the majority of the quoted dreams, which could appear surprising and paradoxical. Discussion - Although the Talmud is not a part of the sources Freud claimed in the elaboration of his dream theory, it contains a small true treaty on the subject. A dream which is not interpreted is like a letter which is not read, quotation which arises from it, illustrates the essential place given to the communication theories, making the link between dream interpretation and exegesis of a text such as practiced in Judaism. Conclusion - The central character of interpretation bringing in the voice of the exegete according to the adage all dreams follow the mouth, renders indispensable at the same time the point of view of the transmitter, but notably the active intervention of the receiver so that a dream does not remain a purloined letter. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
