Modulation of Galectin-3 and Galectin 9 in gastric mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis and positive Helicobacter pylori infection

Objectives: Galectins are mediators that play an important role in the inflammatory response and in this study we analyzed the expression of Galectins (Gal) -1, -3 and -9 in biopsies of the gastric antrum of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Methodology: 44 patients with upper digestive tract symptoms were evaluated, and underwent Upper Digestive Endoscopy examination. Sections of the gastric antrum were fixed in buffered formaldehyde at 4% in order to perform the anatomopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis for Galectins-1, -3 and -9 expression. Fresh sections of gastric antrum were used for DNA extraction and evaluation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylon). P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Gal-1 was significantly more expressed on stroma than epithelium (p < 0.0001), whereas Gal-3 and Gal-9 were more expressed on epithelium (p < 0.0001). Gal-3 was found to be significantly higher in the stroma of patients with H. pylori infection, mainly on Cag-A positive H. pylori (p < 0.0001). Gal-9 was down modulated in stroma of patients with chronic gastritis. Conclusion: Up modulation of Gal-3 expression was associated with H. pylori infection and down modulation of Gal-9 with the inflammatory process of chronic gastritis.