We present a microscopic calculation of the breakup cross sections of J/psi and psi' on pions and nucleons as a function of the kinetic energy. These cross sections are used for the investigation of the J/psi, to continuum and psi'/J/psi ratios in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The contribution of produced comoving pions to the psi'/J/psi signal is calculated. While this model can account for the data, the uncertainties in the parameter values do not allow to exclude the possibility of additional sources for charmonium absorption, like a resonance gas or the quark gluon plasma.