Trauma and Related Factors in Iranian Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Background: Childhood and adolescence are periods of the highest sensitivity in one's life. Thus, attention to the health of children and adolescents is of paramount importance. This study was, then, conducted to determine the prevalence rate of trauma types in these periods and its affective factors by systematic review. Methods: This study is a systematic review of published articles in April 2000 to March 2020. The studies specified to trauma and its related factors under the age of 18 were included in the review. Prior to initiating the search, attempts were made to gather all the factors affecting trauma, based on which the key words could be selected. The Search and data extraction were based on the PRISMA checklist. All the selected articles were imported into the EndNote X8 software and the repetitive studies were deleted. Data extraction and quality analysis of the articles were done by two researchers, separately. The results were reported through descriptive and systematic review tables. Results: The search was started with 1359 articles and after re-examination, 566 articles continued to the screening stage, in which 309 articles were excluded and 89 remained. Ultimately, through the eligibility assessment and quality synthesis, 46 and 23 articles were, respectively, removed; and 20 articles in the final stage were selected for the purpose of the study. According to the pooled findings, the causes of the created trauma were fall, collapse, direct hit, sports accidents, vehicle accidents, cycling, poisoning, animal attack, inanimate mechanical (cut and hit by object), burn and drowning. The places with the most trauma creation were found to be the street, and then the house, school and public places. Conclusion: It is recommended that proper interventions and appropriate preventive measures be taken to reduce trauma due to factors affecting the trauma.