How to Ask the Right Question and Find the Right Answer: Clinical Research for Transplant Nephrologists

被引：2
作者：
Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia [1 ,2 ]
Kim, S. Joseph [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Hlth Network, Div Nephrol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[2] Univ Hlth Network, Ajmera Transplant Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada
[3] Univ Toronto, Inst Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat, Toronto, ON, Canada
来源：
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY | 2022年 / 13卷
关键词：
clinical research; randomized control trial; cohort study; case-control study; cross-sectional study; case report; ANTIBODY; TRIAL; GUIDE; BIAS;
D O I：
10.3389/fimmu.2022.879200
中图分类号：
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号：
100102 ;
摘要：
Clinical research is about asking and answering questions. Before solutions relevant to clinical problems can be sought, clinicians must frame questions in ways that are answerable using the methods of clinical research. Different types of questions are best answered using specific study designs. Each design has inherent strengths and limitations. In this review article, we provide an approach to asking answerable clinical research questions, review the major study designs, describe their strengths and weaknesses, and link the study designs to their intended purposes.
引用
收藏
页数：12
相关论文
共 42 条
  • [1] [Anonymous], STAT MODELING BIOMED
  • [2] Black N, 1996, BRIT MED J, V312, P1215
  • [3] Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation (FAVORIT) Trial
    Bostom, Andrew G.
    Carpenter, Myra A.
    Hunsicker, Lawrence
    Jacques, Paul F.
    Kusek, John W.
    Levey, Andrew S.
    McKenney, Joyce L.
    Mercier, Renee Y.
    Pfeffer, Marc A.
    Selhub, Jacob
    [J]. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES, 2009, 53 (01) : 121 - 128
  • [4] A Guide to Conducting a Meta-Analysis
    Cheung, Mike W. -L.
    Vijayakumar, Ranjith
    [J]. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW, 2016, 26 (02) : 121 - 128
  • [5] Conklin J, LIBGUIDES FORMING FO
  • [6] Asking the right question and finding the right answers
    Cross, Nicholas B.
    Craig, Jonathan C.
    Webster, Angela C.
    [J]. NEPHROLOGY, 2010, 15 (01) : 8 - 11
  • [7] BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting
    Dagan, Noa
    Barda, Noam
    Kepten, Eldad
    Miron, Oren
    Perchik, Shay
    Katz, Mark A.
    Hernan, Miguel A.
    Lipsitch, Marc
    Reis, Ben
    Balicer, Ran D.
    [J]. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2021, 384 (15) : 1412 - 1423
  • [8] Dickerman BA, 2021, NEW ENGL J MED, V386, P105, DOI DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2115463
  • [9] Avoidable flaws in observational analyses: an application to statins and cancer
    Dickerman, Barbra A.
    Garcia-Albeniz, Xabier
    Logan, Roger W.
    Denaxas, Spiros
    Hernan, Miguel A.
    [J]. NATURE MEDICINE, 2019, 25 (10) : 1601 - +
  • [10] Con: Meta-analysis: some key limitations and potential solutions
    Esterhuizen, Tonya M.
    Thabane, Lehana
    [J]. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION, 2016, 31 (06) : 882 - 885
12345