Effects of biochars on the availability of heavy metals to ryegrass in an alkaline contaminated soil

被引:125
作者
Zhang, Guixiang [1 ]
Guo, Xiaofang [1 ]
Zhao, Zhihua [1 ]
He, Qiusheng [1 ]
Wang, Shuifeng [2 ,3 ]
Zhu, Yuen [4 ]
Yan, Yulong [1 ]
Liu, Xitao [2 ]
Sun, Ke [2 ]
Zhao, Ye [2 ]
Qian, Tianwei [1 ]
机构
[1] Taiyuan Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Environm & Safety, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, Peoples R China
[2] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China
[3] Beijing Normal Univ, Analyt & Testing Ctr, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China
[4] Shanxi Univ, Coll Environm & Resources, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi Province, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Soil contamination; Biochar; Heavy metal; Phytoavailability; Remediation; Alkaline soil; STRAW BIOCHARS; CD; LEAD; PB; BIOAVAILABILITY; RESTORATION; TEMPERATURE; MOBILITY; ELEMENTS; BAMBOO;
D O I
10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.031
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochars on the availability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) to ryegrass in an alkaline contaminated soil. Biochars only slightly decreased or even increased the availability of heavy metals assesses by chemical extractant (a mixture of 0.05 mol ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium, 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2, and 0.1 mol L-1 triethanolamine). The significantly positive correlation between most chemical-extractable heavy metals and the ash content in biochars indicated the positive role of ash in this extraction. Biochars significantly reduced the plant uptake of heavy metals, excluding Mn. The absence of a positive correlation between the chemical-extractable heavy metals and the plant uptake counterparts (except for Mn) indicates that chemical extractability is probably not a reliable indicator to predict the phytoavailability of most heavy metals in alkaline soils treated with biochars. The obviously negative correlation between the plant uptake of heavy metals (except for Mn) and the (O + N)/C and H/C indicates that biochars with more polar groups, which were produced at lower temperatures, had higher efficiency for reducing the phytoavailability of heavy metals. The significantly negative correlations between the plant uptake of Mn and ryegrass biomass indicated the "dilution effect" caused by the improvement of biomass. These observations will be helpful for designing biochars as soil amendments to reduce the availability of heavy metals to plants in soils, especially in alkaline soils. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码:513 / 522
页数:10
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