We have isolated a 1.6 kb clone from a rat genomic library which contains the bidirectional collagen IV promoter, flanked by exons coding for the alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) collagen chains. There are at least two transcription start sites within both the alpha 1(lV) and alpha 2(IV) collagen genes. Rat mesangial cells were transfected with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmids containing segments of the promoter and 5' flanking region, in both the alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) orientations. Our results suggest that transcriptional efficiency of the bidirectional promoter is more efficient in the alpha 2(IV) direction than in the alpha 1(IV) direction.