Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of mixed states in bipolar disorder

被引:45
作者
Valenti, Marc [1 ]
Benabarre, Antoni [1 ]
Garcia-Amador, Margarita [1 ]
Molina, Oriol [1 ]
Bernardo, Miquel [2 ]
Vieta, Eduard [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, Inst Clin Neurosci, Bipolar Disorder Program,IDIBAPS,CIBER SAM, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
[2] Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, Inst Clin Neurosci, Schizophrenia Clin Program,IDIBAPS,CIBER SAM, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
[3] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, McLean Hosp, Boston, MA USA
关键词
bipolar disorder; mixed states; ECT;
D O I
10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.10.011
中图分类号
R749 [精神病学];
学科分类号
100205 ;
摘要
Introduction. Mixed bipolar states are not infrequent and may be extremely difficult to treat. Lithium, anticonvulsants including valproate and carbamazepine, and antipsychotics such as olanzapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole have been reported to be at least partially effective in controlled clinical trials, but many patients do not respond to pharmacological approaches. Electroconvulsive therapy has been tested to be efficacious for the treatment of both manic and depressive episodes, but much less evidence is available with regards to mixed states. The aim of the review was to report the available evidence for the use of electroconvulsive therapy in mixed bipolar states. Methods. A systematic review of the literature on treatment of mixed states, focused on electroconvulsive therapy, was made, beginning in August 1992 and ending in March 2007. The key words were "electroconvulsive therapy" and "mixed bipolar". Results. Only three studies met the required quality criteria and were included. This literature suggests that ECT is an effective, safe, and probably underutilized treatment of mixed states. Recent technical developments have made ECT more friendly, tolerable, and safe. Potential alternatives, such as vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, or transcranial stimulation, are still far to be proved as effective as ECT. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:53 / 56
页数:4
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