Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 4-(4-(Heptyloxy)phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one via Repression of MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in β-Amyloid-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Models

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disease, but so far, it can only be treated symptomatically rather than changing the process of the disease. Recently, triazoles and their derivatives have been shown to have potential for the treatment of AD. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of 4-(4-(heptyloxy)phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (W112) against beta-amyloid (A beta)-induced AD pathology and its possible mechanism were explored both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that W112 exhibits a neuroprotective role against A beta-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and improves the learning and memory abilities of A beta-induced AD-like rats. In addition, the assays of the protein expression revealed that W112 reversed tau hyperphosphorylation and reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, both in vitro and in vivo studies. Further study indicated that the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B pathways played a key role in mediating the neuroprotective effects of W112 against AD-like pathology. W112 may become a potential drug for AD intervention.