Complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ramallah and al-Bireh: The Palestinian Diabetes Complications and Control Study (PDCCS)

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing pandemic that will lead, if not managed and controlled, to frequent complications, poor quality of life, and high rates of disability and death. Little is known about T2DM complications in Palestine. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of T2DM complications in Ramallah and al-Bireh governorate of Palestine. Methods: The study was conducted in eleven primary healthcare clinics offering services for persons with T2DM. Macrovascular complications were assessed using the Diabetes complication index. Microvascular complications were measured by physical examinations and laboratory tests. Questionnaires, laboratory tests, and physical examinations were used to assess socio-demographic characteristics, co-morbidities and other risk factors. Results: 517 adult men and nonpregnant women participated in the study (166 men, 351 women). The response rate was 84%. Mean age and mean duration of diabetes were 58.1 and 9.4 years respectively. Prevalence of diagnosed microvascular and macrovascular complications was 67.2% and 28.6% respectively. 78.2% of the participants had poor glycemic control (HbA1c >= 7.0%). Conclusion: Significant proportions of persons with T2DM had macro- and microvascular complications and poor metabolic control. These findings are important for policy development and the planning of health services. (C) 2018 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.