Evaluation of Phosphorus Filter Media for an Inline Subsurface Drainage Treatment System

Subsurface drainage from agricultural land has been identified as a contributor of both N and P into surface waters, leading to water quality degradation and eutrophication. This study evaluates the ability of P sorption media (PSM; expanded shale, expanded clay, furnace slag, and natural soil) to sorb P in both batch and column tests. Batch sorption tests estimated sorption of 3.4, 1.2, and 0.5 g P kg(-1) for expanded shale, expanded clay, and natural soil, respectively. Furnace slag sorption was evaluated for fine (FSFine), small (FSSM), and large (FSLG) particle sizes, with estimated sorption of 6.8, 5.1, and 3.8 g P kg(-1), respectively. Phosphorus removal for the three furnace slag particle sizes and natural soil were tested in flow-through columns operated at residence times of 50, 17, and 7 s. A decrease in residence time reduced P removal in all columns evaluated. Following all trials, the average P removal from influent was 50% for FSSM, followed by 27% for FSC (furnace slag-coated pea gravel), 22% for FSLG, and 6% for sandy loam-coated pea gravel. The data from this study provides crucial information for developing and sizing an inline tile drainage treatment system to remove P from tile drainage outlets before reaching surface waters.