Risk factors for late recurrence in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation

Objective: To identify the risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in nonvalvular AF patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation (CA). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data from 426 of 450 AF patients who underwent CA. Patients were divided into two groups according to recurrence after the operation; the risk factors for AF recurrence were analyzed. A stratification system for lesions was created based on the cutoff of the risk factors; the associations among the subgroups and the AF recurrence rate were analyzed. Results: AF recurrence occurred in 98 (23.0%) patients. Univariate analysis demonstrated that AF type, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum albumin, and D-dimer concentrations were associated with AF recurrence. AF type (OR =2.907, p < .001), serum albumin concentration (OR =1.112, p < .05), and LAD (OR =1.115, p < .001) were independent risk factors for AF recurrence. The area under the ROC curve of LAD for the prediction of AF recurrence was 0.722 (95% CI: 0.664-0.779) and that of serum albumin for the prediction of AF recurrence was 0.608 (95% CI: 0.545-0.672). Further stratification revealed that patients with persistent or paroxysmal AF with LAD >= 43.5 mm and serum albumin concentration >= 42.2 g/L had a higher rate of AF recurrence than the reference group. Conclusion: Atrial fibrillation type, LAD, and serum albumin concentration are risk factors for AF recurrence after CA in patients with nonvalvular AF. Patients with persistent AF with LAD >= 43.5 mm and serum albumin concentration >= 42.2 g/L have a higher risk of late AF recurrence after surgery.