Therapeutic applications of ATP-(P2)-receptors agonists and antagonists

P2-receptors (P2-R), which recognise extracellular ATP, represent significant targets for novel drug development regarding different pathophysiological conditions. In recent years, approximately fifteen ATP receptor subtypes have been cloned; seven of which belong to the P2X-R family (ligand-gated-ion-channel receptors). The remaining subtypes belong to the P2Y-R family (G-protein coupled receptors). These receptors have been classified based on their putative molecular structure, function, and the action of a subtype selective drug on the cloned receptor. A limited number of reports describe the identification of potent and selective P2X/P2Y agonists, thus extending the restricted arsenal of P2-R agonists consisting primarily of commercial compounds. Several new and subtype selective antagonists have been recently identified which open a new avenue of P2X or P2Y subtype selective antagonists for receptor studies. Current applications of P2-R agonists and antagonists include their use as insulin secretagogues, inhibitors of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, agents for hydration of lung mucous in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, modulators of cardiac muscle contractility, and antineoplastic agents. This paper reviews selected P2-R related publications and patents issued between 1995 and 1998 for newly cloned P2-R, drug candidates, and the potential therapeutic applications of the drugs.