Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications

被引:867
作者
Aranaz, Inmaculada [1 ,2 ]
Alcantara, Andres R. [1 ]
Concepcion Civera, Maria [1 ]
Arias, Concepcion [1 ]
Elorza, Begona [1 ]
Heras Caballero, Angeles [1 ,2 ]
Acosta, Niuris [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Quim Ciencias Farmaceut, Madrid 28040, Spain
[2] Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Pluridisciplinar, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, Madrid 28040, Spain
关键词
chitosan; chitin; biological activity; drug delivery; antioxidant; antimicrobial; metallic nanoparticles; biocatalysis; METHYLENE PHOSPHONIC CHITOSAN; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CHITOSAN; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; DRUG-DELIVERY; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION; IN-VITRO; GOLD NANOPARTICLES;
D O I
10.3390/polym13193256
中图分类号
O63 [高分子化学(高聚物)];
学科分类号
070305 ; 080501 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Chitosan has garnered much interest due to its properties and possible applications. Every year the number of publications and patents based on this polymer increase. Chitosan exhibits poor solubility in neutral and basic media, limiting its use in such conditions. Another serious obstacle is directly related to its natural origin. Chitosan is not a single polymer with a defined structure but a family of molecules with differences in their composition, size, and monomer distribution. These properties have a fundamental effect on the biological and technological performance of the polymer. Moreover, some of the biological properties claimed are discrete. In this review, we discuss how chitosan chemistry can solve the problems related to its poor solubility and can boost the polymer properties. We focus on some of the main biological properties of chitosan and the relationship with the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Then, we review two polymer applications related to green processes: the use of chitosan in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and its use as support for biocatalysts. Finally, we briefly describe how making use of the technological properties of chitosan makes it possible to develop a variety of systems for drug delivery.
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页数:27
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