High levels of FBS and HbA1c and their association with diabetic retinopathy: a study in the north of Iran

Background Diabetic retinopathy, which is a common complication of diabetes, is one of the most common reasons of blindness in adults. There are several potential risk factors for diabetic retinopathy such as hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLP), high fasting blood sugar (FBS), and high Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Yet, ethnicity is another factor which may contribute to diabetic retinopathy regardless of the potential risk factors mentioned. The aim of this study, therefore, is to find the risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in the north of Iran. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study including a total of 1,125 patients divided into three groups as follows: (i) patients with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR group; n = 398); (ii) patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (non-PDR group; n = 408); (iii) patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR group; n = 319). The laboratory data were collected from patients for analysis. Results Diabetic patients with retinopathy had significantly higher levels of FBS compared with those without retinopathy (p = 0.001). Patients with PDR or non-PDR had higher levels of HbA1c compared with patients without retinopathy (p = 0.001). In contrast, no association was observed between HTN or HLP and diabetic retinopathy. On the other hand, duration of diabetes was another important factor affecting diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions Higher levels of FBS and HbA1c were observed in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Monitoring and controlling of FBS and HbA1c of diabetic patients could prevent the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.