A 3D numerical and experimental investigation of microstructural alterations around non-metallic inclusions in bearing steel

被引：30

作者：

Moghaddam, Sina Mobasher ^{[1
]}

Sadeghi, Farshid ^{[1
]}

Paulson, Kristen ^{[1
]}

Weinzapfel, Nick ^{[2
]}

Correns, Martin ^{[3
]}

Dinkel, Markus ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA

[2] Schaeffler Grp USA Inc, Troy, MI 48083 USA

[3] Schaeffler Technol AG & Co KG, Ind Str 1-3, D-91074 Herzogenaurach, Germany

[4] Schaeffler Technol AG & Co KG, Georg Schafer Str 30, Berlin, Germany

来源：

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE | 2016年 / 88卷

关键词：

Non-metallic inclusions; Butterfly wings; Non-destructive methods; Ultrasonic inspection; Microstructural alterations; ROLLING-CONTACT FATIGUE; WHITE ETCHING AREA; CRACK FORMATION; MECHANICS; PROPAGATION; INITIATION; NITRIDE; FAILURE; SURFACE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.02.034

中图分类号：

TH [机械、仪表工业];

学科分类号：

0802 ;

摘要：

Non-metallic inclusions such as sulfides and oxides are byproducts of steel manufacturing process. When a component is subjected to repetitive loading, fatigue cracks can emanate from these inclusions due to stress concentrations that happen because of mismatch in elastic-plastic properties of inclusions and matrix. In certain applications such as gears and bearings, crack initiation from inclusions is accompanied with microstructural alteration. This paper employs a numerical as well an experimental approach to investigate these microstructural changes which are so-called "butterfly wings". A 3D finite element model was developed to obtain the stress distribution in a domain subjected to Hertzian loading with an embedded non-metallic inclusion. A formerly introduced 2D model based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) was developed to simulate the butterfly wing formation in 3D. Wingspan-to inclusion ratios were observed at different cross sections following an analytical serial sectioning procedure. A closed form solution was suggested for the wingspan-to-observed-inclusion-diameter ratio and the results were corroborated with the data available in the open literature. On the experimental front, nonmetallic inclusions inside a sample made of bearing steel was detected using ultrasonic inspection method. Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tests were run on the specimen and post-failure serial sectioning was conducted to understand the 3D shape of butterflies formed around an inclusion detected by ultrasound. Comparison of experimental and numerical serial sectioning of the wings showed a close correlation in the butterfly wings geometry. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：29 / 41

页数：13

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