Membrane treatment of side-stream cooling tower water for reduction of water usage

被引：53

作者：

Altman, Susan J. ^{[1
]}

Jensen, Richard P. ^{[2
]}

Cappelle, Malynda A. ^{[3
]}

Sanchez, Andres L. ^{[4
]}

Everett, Randy L. ^{[1
]}

Anderson, Howard L., Jr. ^{[1
]}

McGrath, Lucas K. ^{[5
]}

机构：

[1] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA

[2] Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Applicat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA

[3] Univ Texas El Paso, Ctr Inland Desalinat Syst, El Paso, TX 79968 USA

[4] Sandia Natl Labs, Fire & Aerosol Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA

[5] LMATA Govt Serv LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA

来源：

DESALINATION | 2012年 / 285卷

关键词：

Cooling tower; Nanofiltration; Reverse osmosis; Water treatment; Water use reduction; Silica scaling; RO;

D O I：

10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.052

中图分类号：

TQ [化学工业];

学科分类号：

0817 ;

摘要：

A pilot study was conducted to determine whether membrane treatment on a side stream of recirculating cooling-tower water could reduce overall water usage and discharge. The treated permeate was returned to the cooling tower while the concentrate was discharged to the sanitary sewer. Flow rates, pressures and water chemistry were monitored. The pilot demonstrated potential substantial water savings. Maximum make-up water and discharge reduction were 16% and 49%, respectively. As high as possible permeate recovery is needed to maximize water conservation. Silica scaling on the membranes limited water savings in this pilot. Development of membranes with a solute-rejection capacity less than the 92% average of the membranes used in the pilot would assist in optimizing water savings. Decreased water outlays compensated for the additional energy used by membrane treatment. Scaling control is critical for economic operation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：177 / 183

页数：7

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