Optical turbulence with anisotropy at different scales and its effect on laser beam propagation along vertical paths

In this paper, we use a non-Kolmogorov power spectrum with an effective anisotropic parameter to include the effect of anisotropy at different scales. By using the spectrum, we theoretically analyze the effect of anisotropy on turbulence parameters such as long-term beam spread and scintillation for laser beams propagating along vertical paths. Although our results are valid only for the case of anisotropy along the direction of propagation, they are of interest for applications such as astronomy, vertical directed energy and vertical laser communications links.