Bio-inspired silver nanoparticles from Artocarpus lakoocha fruit extract and evaluation of their antibacterial activity and anticancer activity on human prostate cancer cell line

The growing multi-drug resistance in human disease causing pathogens is an issue of great concern, and there is a need for broad-spectrum antibiotic to fight severe diseases. As silver is toxic to microbes like fungi, bacteria and yeast, the use of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent may help control the resistant pathogenic microbes. During this study, the bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles was done from Artocarpus lakoocha fruit extract and characterized using various morphological and structural analysis. The agar well diffusion technique was performed to determine the bactericidal potential of nanoparticles against human disease causing pathogenic bacteria; finally, the anticancer activity was assessed by employing 96-well plate MTT assay and flow cytometry-assisted apoptosis on human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells. The primary indication on nanoparticles synthesis was given by colour change from slight yellow to brown; further, reaffirmed by the peak obtained at 415 nm for absorption maximum in UV-vis. analysis. Meanwhile, the smooth surface and spherical shapes were determined by AFM and SEM analyses. Similarly, poly-dispersed distribution, size range of 6.59-25 nm and FCC crystalline nature were confirmed by TEM and XRD analyses. The silver nanoparticles displayed higher antibacterial activity by forming clear zones of inhibition and exhibited increased anticancer activity on PC-3 cells. The IC50 value obtained was 30.62 mu g/ml and 48.11 +/- 0.7%, 24.92 +/- 0.5%, and 1.19 +/- 0.4% of early, late apoptosis and necrosis was observed in flow cytometry-assisted Annexin V/PI study. The results obtained encourage the idea of using green AgNPs to cure microbial and cancer-related diseases in near future.