Restoration to offset the impacts of developments at a landscape scale reveals opportunities, challenges and tough choices

被引:42
作者
Budiharta, Sugeng [1 ,2 ]
Meijaard, Erik [1 ,3 ]
Gaveau, David L. A. [4 ]
Struebig, Matthew J. [5 ]
Wilting, Andreas [6 ]
Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie [6 ]
Niedballa, Juergen [6 ]
Raes, Niels [7 ]
Maron, Martine [8 ]
Wilson, Kerrie A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Environm De, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
[2] Indonesian Inst Sci, Purwodadi Bot Garden, Jalan Surabaya Malang Km 65, Pasuruan 67163, East Java, Indonesia
[3] Borneo Futures Project, Country Woods 306,Jalan WR Supratman, Ciputat 15412, Tangerang, Indonesia
[4] Ctr Int Forestry Res, POB 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia
[5] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, DICE, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England
[6] Lelintiz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res IZW, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
[7] Nat Biodivers Ctr, Darwinweg 2,POB 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
[8] Univ Queensland, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
来源
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS | 2018年 / 52卷
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会; 英国自然环境研究理事会;
关键词
Restoration planning; Elaeis guineensis; Carbon storage; Biodiversity habitat; Trade-off; Indonesian Borneo; OIL PALM; BIODIVERSITY OFFSETS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; TROPICAL PEATLANDS; SOUTH KALIMANTAN; REDD PLUS; FOREST; CARBON; INDONESIA; CONSERVATION;
D O I
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.008
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
When development impacts a broad landscape and causes the loss of multiple ecosystem services, decisions about which of these impacts to offset must be made. We use industrial oil-palm developments in Kalimantan and quantify the potential for restoration to offset oil-palm impacts on carbon storage and biodiversity. We developed a unique backcasting approach combined with a spatial conservation prioritisation framework to identify priority areas for restoration offsetting. We calculated the past impacts of oil-palm development, quantified the future benefits of restoration for carbon storage and biodiversity over one oil-palm planting cycle of 25 years, and prioritised areas for restoration to balance the impacts and benefits for the least cost. We estimate that offsetting the carbon emissions attributable to the existing 4.6 Mha of industrial oil-palm plantation in Kalimantan is most cost-effectively achieved by restoring 0.4-1.6 Mha of degraded peatlands, including failed agricultural projects, at a cost of US$0.7-2.9 billion. On the other hand, offsetting biodiversity losses would require at least 4.7 Mha of degraded areas to be restored (equating to 8.7% of Kalimantan) at a cost of US$7.7 billion. We show that priority areas for offsetting biodiversity losses overlap poorly with those for compensating carbon emissions. Our analysis suggests that reconciling multiple impacts at landscape scales will necessitate difficult choices among contested socio-political preferences. Our findings also clarify the fundamental importance of conserving biodiversity-rich primary forests and peatlands in the tropics and the need to avoid converting these areas in the future.
引用
收藏
页码:152 / 161
页数:10
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