Diagnosing warm season precipitation over the GCIP region from a GCM and reanalysis

A 45-year simulation using a global general circulation model (GCM), the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3), forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SST), and 39 years of global National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalyses were analyzed to determine Mississippi River basin warm season (May, June, July or MJJ) wet and dry year composites in the water and energy budgets. Years that have increased MJJ soil moisture over the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) region also have high precipitation, lower surface temperature, decreased Bowen ratio, and reduced 500-hPa geopotential height (essentially reduced MJJ ridging). The reverse is true for years that have reduced MJJ soil moisture. Wet years are also accompanied by a general increase in moisture transport from the Gulf of Mexico into the central United States. There is some indication (though weaker) that soil moisture may then affect precipitation and other quantities and be affected in turn by 500-hPa geopotential heights. The correlations are somewhat low, however, demonstrating the difficulty in providing definitive physical links between the remote and local effects. Analysis of two individual years with an extreme wet event (1993) and an extreme dry event (1988) yields the same general relationships as with the wet and dry composites. The composites from this study are currently serving as the basis for a series of experiments aimed at determining the predictability of the land surface and remote SST on the Mississippi River basin and other large-scale river basins.