The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey II. First data release

被引：444

作者：

Shimwell, T. W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Tasse, C. ^{[3
,4
]}

Hardcastle, M. J. ^{[5
]}

Mechev, A. P. ^{[2
]}

Williams, W. L. ^{[5
]}

Best, P. N. ^{[6
]}

Rottgering, H. J. A. ^{[2
]}

Callingham, J. R. ^{[1
]}

Dijkema, T. J. ^{[1
]}

de Gasperin, F. ^{[2
,7
]}

Hoang, D. N. ^{[2
]}

Hugo, B. ^{[4
,8
]}

Mirmont, M. ^{[9
]}

Oonk, J. B. R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Prandoni, I. ^{[10
]}

Rafferty, D. ^{[7
]}

Sabater, J. ^{[6
]}

Smirnov, O. ^{[4
,8
]}

van Weeren, R. J. ^{[2
]}

White, G. J. ^{[11
,12
]}

Atemkeng, M. ^{[4
]}

Bester, L. ^{[4
,8
]}

Bonnassieux, E. ^{[8
,13
]}

Bruggen, M. ^{[7
]}

Brunetti, G. ^{[10
]}

Chyzy, K. T. ^{[14
]}

Cochrane, R. ^{[6
]}

Conway, J. E. ^{[15
]}

Croston, J. H. ^{[11
]}

Danezi, A. ^{[16
]}

Duncan, K. ^{[2
]}

Haverkorn, M. ^{[17
]}

Heald, G. H. ^{[18
]}

Iacobelli, M. ^{[1
]}

Intema, H. T. ^{[2
]}

Jackson, N. ^{[19
]}

Jamrozy, M. ^{[14
]}

Jarvis, M. J. ^{[20
,21
]}

Lakhoo, R. ^{[22
,23
]}

Mevius, M. ^{[1
]}

Miley, G. K. ^{[2
]}

Morabito, L. ^{[20
]}

Morganti, R. ^{[1
,24
]}

Nisbet, D. ^{[6
]}

Orru, E. ^{[1
]}

Perkins, S. ^{[8
]}

Pizzo, R. F. ^{[1
]}

Schrijvers, C. ^{[16
]}

Smith, D. J. B. ^{[5
]}

Vermeulen, R. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands

[2] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[3] Univ PSL, CNRS, Observ Paris, GEPI, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France

[4] Rhodes Univ, Dept Phys & Elect, POB 94, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa

[5] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Ctr Astrophys Res, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England

[6] Royal Observ, Inst Astron, SUPA, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland

[7] Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany

[8] SKA South Africa, 3rd Floor,Pk,Pk Rd, ZA-7405 Pinelands, South Africa

[9] Ampyx Power BV Lulofsstraat 55 Unit 13, NL-2521 AL The Hague, Netherlands

[10] Ist Radioastron, INAF, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[11] Open Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England

[12] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0NL, Oxon, England

[13] Univ Paris, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LESIA,Observ Paris,PSL,CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France

[14] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland

[15] Chalmers Univ Technol, Onsala Space Observ, Dept Space Earth & Environm, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden

[16] SURFsara, Sci Pk 140, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands

[17] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands

[18] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, POB 1130, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia

[19] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys, Jodrell Bank, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England

[20] Univ Oxford, Astrophys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England

[21] Univ Western Cape, Phys & Astron Dept, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa

[22] Univ Oxford, Oxford E Res Ctr, 7 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3QG, England

[23] Univ Oxford, Wolfson Coll, Linton Rd, Oxford OX2 6UD, England

[24] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Postbus 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands

[25] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Postbus 94249, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands

[26] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Dennis Sciama Bldg,Burnaby Rd, Portsmouth PO1 5AR, Hants, England

[27] Joint Inst VLBI ERIC, POB 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands

[28] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Via P Gobetti 93-2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[29] Univ Nottingham, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England

[30] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Astron Inst, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

[31] Thuringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany

[32] Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, POB 1410, Mbarara, Uganda

[33] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, Garching, Germany

[34] Univ Cote dAzur, Lab Lagrange, CNRS, Observ Cote dAzur, Blvd Observ,CS 34229, F-06304 Nice 4, France

[35] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Canary Islands, Spain

[36] ULL, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38206, Spain

[37] NCU, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Torun Ctr Astron, Grudziacka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland

[38] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia

[39] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany

[40] Excellence Cluster Univ, Boltzmann Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[41] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland

[42] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[43] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2019年 / 622卷

基金：

新加坡国家研究基金会; 爱尔兰科学基金会; 欧洲研究理事会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

surveys; catalogs; radio continuum: general; techniques: image processing; UNDERSTANDING RADIO POLARIMETRY; FLUX-DENSITY SCALE; CLUSTER ENVIRONMENTS; RECOMBINATION LINES; IMAGING SURVEY; SOUTHERN SKY; CALIBRATION; GALAXY; DISCOVERY; EMISSION;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/201833559

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) is an ongoing sensitive, high-resolution 120-168 MHz survey of the entire northern sky for which observations are now 20% complete. We present our first full-quality public data release. For this data release 424 square degrees, or 2% of the eventual coverage, in the region of the HETDEX Spring Field (right ascension 10h45m00s to 15h30m00s and declination 45 degrees 00'00 '' to 57 degrees 00'00 '') were mapped using a fully automated direction-dependent calibration and imaging pipeline that we developed. A total of 325 694 sources are detected with a signal of at least five times the noise, and the source density is a factor of similar to 10 higher than the most sensitive existing very wide-area radio-continuum surveys. The median sensitivity is S-144 (MHz) = 71 mu Jy beam(-1) and the point-source completeness is 90% at an integrated flux density of 0.45 mJy. The resolution of the images is 6 '' and the positional accuracy is within 0.2 ''. This data release consists of a catalogue containing location, flux, and shape estimates together with 58 mosaic images that cover the catalogued area. In this paper we provide an overview of the data release with a focus on the processing of the LOFAR data and the characteristics of the resulting images. In two accompanying papers we provide the radio source associations and deblending and, where possible, the optical identifications of the radio sources together with the photometric redshifts and properties of the host galaxies. These data release papers are published together with a further similar to 20 articles that highlight the scientific potential of LoTSS.

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