Frequency of metabolic syndrome and the food intake patterns in adults living in a rural area of Brazil

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, is related to an inadequate food intake pattern. Its incidence is increasing among Brazilian adults, including those living in rural areas. Our aim was not only to describe the frequency of MetS in adults with or without MetS but also to compare their food intake pattern as assessed by the healthy eating index (HEI) and serum albumin and C reactive protein (CRP) levels. Methods: Men and women (n = 246) living in a small village in Brazil were included. MetS was characterized according to the adult treatment panel (ATP III) criteria. Groups were compared by chi-square, student t or Mann-Whitney tests. Results: MetS was diagnosed in 15.4% of the cases. The MetS group showed higher CRP (1.8 +/- 1.2 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.9 mg/dl) and lower albumin (4.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.3 g/dl) serum levels compared to the control group. Additionally, the MetS group showed lower scores (median[range]) in the HEI compared to the control group (53.5[31.2-78.1] vs 58[29.7-89.5], respectively). The MetS group also had decreased scores for total fat and daily variety of food intake. Conclusions: The results suggest that adults with MetS displayed chronic mild inflammation and a poorer food intake pattern than the control group.