An earliest Givetian "Lilliput Effect" in the Parana Basin, and the collapse of the Malvinokaffric shelly fauna

An earliest Givetian "Lilliput Effect" at Sitio Wolff and So Bento in the Parana Basin occurred after an extinction event, possibly related to the latest Eifelian KAAK Event. The Malvinokaffric fauna was reduced from 65 genera before the extinction event to eight genera after the event. However, the abundance of the individual taxa is high. The size reduction of the surviving taxa was up to 90%. The palynomorphs during the extinction and post-extinction ("Lilliput Effect") events are scarce. Normal palynomorph abundance and diversity is restored later in the early Givetian immediately after the post-extinction event. The relictual fauna in the beds with the "Lilliput Effect" at Sitio Wolff and So Bento constitute the last survivors of the classical Malvinokaffric shelly fauna in the Parana Basin, and are at these sites mixed with immigrants and alien elements (e.g. orthoconic nautiloids).