Utilization of alternative sand for preparation of sustainable mortar: A review

The rapid urbanization and industrialization in last few decades has led to depletion of the construction materials like sand and accumulation of industrial wastes. The detrimental effect of excessive dredging of sand from river beds on environment and unavailability of land for disposal of industrial wastes has forced the researchers to search for other feasible alternative. Recycling of industrial wastes in construction industry can be a promising approach for sustainable growth. On one side it helps in reducing the sand demand and on another other side provides eco-friendly method for waste disposal. Different researchers have investigated the feasibility of using industrial wastes as replacement to natural sand in mortar, termed as "Alternative Sand". This paper first presents the comprehensive overview of physical, chemical, mineralogical and morphological characterization of the alternative sands which is followed by critical appraisal on the fresh, hardened and durability properties of alternative sand mortars. This study reviewed the alternative sands like coal bottom ash, crushed rock sand, copper slag, foundry sand and recycled fine aggregate. The paper ends with discussion outlining the challenges and direction for further research. The scientific value of the paper was to provide the substantial base of knowledge and scientific view for future studies and development of standards for conventional application of alternative sand mortar. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.