Effectiveness of Multimodal Chiropractic Care Featuring Spinal Manipulation for Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Following Lumbar Spine Surgery: Retrospective Chart Review of 31 Adults in Hong Kong

Background: The term "persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2" (PSPS-2) has been proposed by the International Association for the Study of Pain to replace the term "failed back surgery syndrome". This retrospective study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of multimodal care featuring chiropractic spinal manipulation (CSMT) in 31 adults in Hong Kong with PSPS-2. Material/Methods: We identified new adult patients with PSPS-2 receiving CSMT from 2016 to 2018. Demographic and clinical data and baseline/follow-up numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were extracted. Multiple linear regression was used to examine posttreatment NPRS and ODI reduction, with clini-cal variables as covariates. Results: Of 6589 patients with low back pain, 31 met criteria (mean age 52.2 +/- 13.7 years). Surgeries included laminecto-my (81%), discectomy (13%), and fusion (6%). Mean baseline NRPS was 6.6 +/- 1.9; ODI was 43.8 +/- 15.1%. Patients received CSMT (100%), drop technique (81%), passive modalities (65%), soft tissue manipulation (13%), flexion -distraction (13%), and mechanical traction (13%). Mean posttreatment NPRS was 0.6 +/- 1.0; ODI was 2.4 +/- 3.3%. All patients had a minimum clinically important difference for NPRS (>= 2/10) and ODI (>= 30%). One year after treatment, 48% maintained improvement, 42% experienced recurrence; in 10%, follow-up was unavailable. Regression analysis identified younger age, shorter symptom duration, and greater baseline NPRS as predic-tors of NPRS reduction; and greater baseline ODI as a predictor of ODI reduction (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Patients with PSPS-2 improved with multimodal care featuring CSMT, which was more effective in patients with younger age, shorter symptom duration, and higher baseline pain or disability levels.