Susruta, the pioneer urologist of antiquity

Purpose: Susruta, a pioneer surgeon of antiquity, practiced around 1000 BC in India. We review his many contributions with special reference to the management of urological ailments. Materials and Methods: Information gleaned from the available English translation of 3 volumes of Susruta's treatise in surgery is analyzed with commentaries and historical perspectives chronicled by Oriental and Occidental historians. Results: Susruta belonged to the period between 600 and 1000 BC. His conceptions of anatomy, physiopathology and therapeutic strategies were of unparalleled brilliance, considering the early age in the history of mankind with no supportive knowledge base preceding his era. His discussions of many aspects of urological diseases are often reaffirmed in the principles of urology today. Conclusions: Through his rational understanding, elaborate teachings and practice of the art of surgery, and many urological ailments in particular Susruta has earned the glory of being the pioneer urologist of antiquity.