Androgens have an essential role in inducing the genetic program for masculinization during development. Androgens mediate their effect through the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-controlled transcription factor and regulator of rapid signaling. Inactivated AR results in complete feminization. Androgens are also essential in later life for reproduction, behavior, muscle development, breast, and prostate growth. In general, androgens inhibit breast and promote prostate growth. In the latter context the AR is a major drug target. On the one hand, many insights have been obtained how the AR mediates gene activation on a molecular level. Gene activation is mediated by a battery of factors including coactivators, chromatin remodeling complex proteins and transcription factors which either directly or indirectly interact with the AR at DNA binding sites. On the other hand, there are important AR target genes that are repressed by androgen-bound AR. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood although genes repressed by AR are key factors involved in cell proliferation and invasion. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms of AR-mediated gene repression, thereby differentiating between direct and indirect DNA/chromatin recruitment and between genomic and non-genomic effects. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
机构:
Univ Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, FranceUniv Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
Erdmann, Eva
Ould Madi Berthelemy, Pauline
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Univ Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, FranceUniv Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
Ould Madi Berthelemy, Pauline
Cottard, Felicie
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Univ Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUniv Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
Cottard, Felicie
Angel, Charlotte Zoe
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Ulster Univ, Genom Med Res Grp, BMSRI, Belfast, Antrim, North IrelandUniv Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
Angel, Charlotte Zoe
Schreyer, Edwige
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Univ Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, FranceUniv Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
Schreyer, Edwige
Ye, Tao
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Univ Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, FranceUniv Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
Ye, Tao
Morlet, Bastien
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Univ Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, FranceUniv Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
Morlet, Bastien
Negroni, Luc
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Univ Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, FranceUniv Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
Negroni, Luc
Kieffer, Bruno
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Univ Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, FranceUniv Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
Kieffer, Bruno
Ceraline, Jocelyn
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Univ Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
Hop Univ Strasbourg, Inst Canc erol Strasbourg Europe ICANS, Strasbourg, France
Univ Strasbourg, Fac Med Federat Med Translat Strasbourg, FMTS, Illkirch Graffenstaden, FranceUniv Strasbourg, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104,INSERM,U1258,IGBMC, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
机构:
Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Cardiovasc Res Div, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USAEli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Cardiovasc Res Div, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA
Jones, DR
Schmidt, RJ
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Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Cardiovasc Res Div, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USAEli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Cardiovasc Res Div, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA
Schmidt, RJ
Pickard, RT
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Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Cardiovasc Res Div, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USAEli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Cardiovasc Res Div, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA
Pickard, RT
Foxworthy, PS
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Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Cardiovasc Res Div, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USAEli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Cardiovasc Res Div, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA
Foxworthy, PS
Eacho, PI
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Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Cardiovasc Res Div, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USAEli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Cardiovasc Res Div, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA