Perioperative antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents in cataract surgery

Purpose of review Cataract surgery has benefited from great technical advances but no consensus exists as regards optimal perioperative medical management of inflammation and infection prophylaxis. Recent findings The present article primarily reviews recent evidence about the most advantageous antibiotic regimen to minimize endophthalmitis, and the utility of steroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in management of both postoperative inflammation and cystoid macular edema. Prospective data from Europe supports the efficacy of intracameral cephalosporins in reducing the incidence of endophthalmitis. We compare this with retrospective data from the United States describing a low incidence of enclophthalmitis when using fourth-generation fluoroquinolones as chemoprophylaxis. Other studies demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of multiple perioperative topical NSAIDs. Further important questions remain, however, including whether NSAIDs exhibit a superior side-effect profile relative to corticosteroids, whether benefit exists to combination NSAID/corticosteroid therapy, as well as whether NSAIDS can reduce the incidence of cystoid macular edema. Summary New evidence clarifies the use of intracameral antibiotics, and other studies support a niche anti-inflammatory role for NSAIDs.