Measurements of volatile organic compounds at a suburban ground site (T1) in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: measurement comparison, emission ratios, and source attribution

被引：116

作者：

Bon, D. M. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Ulbrich, I. M. ^{[2
,3
]}

de Gouw, J. A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Warneke, C. ^{[1
,2
]}

Kuster, W. C. ^{[1
]}

Alexander, M. L. ^{[4
]}

Baker, A. ^{[5
]}

Beyersdorf, A. J. ^{[5
]}

Blake, D. ^{[5
]}

Fall, R. ^{[2
,3
]}

Jimenez, J. L. ^{[2
,3
]}

Herndon, S. C. ^{[6
]}

Huey, L. G. ^{[7
]}

Knighton, W. B. ^{[8
]}

Ortega, J. ^{[4
]}

Springston, S. ^{[9
]}

Vargas, O. ^{[7
]}

机构：

[1] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[2] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[3] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[4] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA

[5] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA

[6] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA

[7] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[8] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA

[9] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS | 2011年 / 11卷 / 06期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; URBAN BACKGROUND SITE; ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; PTR-MS MEASUREMENTS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; GAS;

D O I：

10.5194/acp-11-2399-2011

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Volatile organic compound (VOC) mixing ratios were measured with two different instruments at the T1 ground site in Mexico City during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) campaign in March of 2006. A gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) quantified 18 light alkanes, alkenes and acetylene while a proton-transfer-reaction ion-trap mass spectrometer (PIT-MS) quantified 12 VOC species including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics. A GC separation system was used in conjunction with the PIT-MS (GC-PIT-MS) to evaluate PIT-MS measurements and to aid in the identification of unknown VOCs. The VOC measurements are also compared to simultaneous canister samples and to two independent proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometers (PTR-MS) deployed on a mobile and an airborne platform during MILAGRO. VOC diurnal cycles demonstrate the large influence of vehicle traffic and liquid propane gas (LPG) emissions during the night and photochemical processing during the afternoon. Emission ratios for VOCs and OVOCs relative to CO are derived from early-morning measurements. Average emission ratios for non-oxygenated species relative to CO are on average a factor of similar to 2 higher than measured for US cities. Emission ratios for OVOCs are estimated and compared to literature values the northeastern US and to tunnel studies in California. Positive matrix factorization analysis (PMF) is used to provide insight into VOC sources and processing. Three PMF factors were distinguished by the analysis including the emissions from vehicles, the use of liquid propane gas and the production of secondary VOCs + long-lived species. Emission ratios to CO calculated from the results of PMF analysis are compared to emission ratios calculated directly from measurements. The total PIT-MS signal is summed to estimate the fraction of identified versus unidentified VOC species.

引用

页码：2399 / 2421

页数：23

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