Caffeine as an indicator for the quantification of untreated wastewater in karst systems

被引：111

作者：

Hillebrand, Olav ^{[1
]}

Noedler, Karsten ^{[1
]}

Licha, Tobias ^{[1
]}

Sauter, Martin ^{[1
]}

Geyer, Tobias ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Gottingen, Geosci Ctr, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

来源：

WATER RESEARCH | 2012年 / 46卷 / 02期

关键词：

Groundwater quality; Karst vulnerability; Direct sewage leakage; Human impact; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRANSPORT; CONTAMINATION; THEOBROMINE; METABOLITES; QUALITY; MARKER;

D O I：

10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.003

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Contamination from untreated wastewater leakage and related bacterial contamination poses a threat to drinking water quality. However, a quantification of the magnitude of leakage is difficult. The objective of this work is to provide a highly sensitive methodology for the estimation of the mass of untreated wastewater entering karst aquifers with rapid recharge. For this purpose a balance approach is adapted. It is based on the mass flow of caffeine in spring water, the load of caffeine in untreated wastewater and the daily water consumption per person in a spring catchment area. Caffeine is a source-specific indicator for wastewater, consumed and discharged in quantities allowing detection in a karst spring. The methodology was applied to estimate the amount of leaking and infiltrating wastewater to a well investigated karst aquifer on a daily basis. The calculated mean volume of untreated wastewater entering the aquifer was found to be 2.2 +/- 0.5 m(3) d(-1) (undiluted wastewater). It corresponds to approximately 0.4% of the total amount of wastewater within the spring catchment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：395 / 402

页数：8

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