Biodegradation of a Keratin Waste and the Concomitant Production of Detergent Stable Serine Proteases from Paecilomyces lilacinus

Paecilomyces lilacinus (LPS 876) efficiently degraded keratin in chicken feather during submerged cultivation producing extracellular proteases. Characterization of crude protease activity was done including its compatibility in commercial detergents. Optimum pH and temperature were 10.0 and 60 A degrees C, respectively. Protease activity was enhanced by Ca2+ but was strongly inhibited by PMSF and by Hg2+ suggesting the presence of thiol-dependent serine proteases. The crude protease showed extreme stability toward non-ionic (Tween 20, Tween 85, and Triton X-100) and anionic (SDS) surfactants, and relative stability toward oxidizing agent (H2O2 and sodium perborate). In addition, it showed excellent stability and compatibility with various solid and liquid commercial detergents from 30 to 50 A degrees C. The enzyme preparation retained more than 95% of its initial activity with solid detergents (Ariel (TM) and Drive (TM)) and 97% of its original activity with a liquid detergent (Ace (TM)) after pre-incubation at 40 A degrees C. The protective effect of polyols (propylene glycol, PEG 4000, and glycerol) on the heat inactivation was also examined and the best results were obtained with glycerol from 50 to 60 A degrees C. Considering its promising properties, P. lilacinus enzymatic preparation may be considered as a candidate for use in biotechnological processes (i.e., as detergent additive) and in the processing of keratinous wastes.