Comprehensive characterization of halogenated flame retardants and organophosphate esters in settled dust from informal e-waste and end-of-life vehicle processing sites in Vietnam: Occurrence, source estimation, and risk assessment

被引：21

作者：

Anh Quoc Hoang ^{[1
]}

Karyu, Ryogo ^{[2
]}

Nguyen Minh Tue ^{[2
,3
]}

Goto, Akitoshi ^{[2
]}

Tuyen, Le Huu ^{[4
]}

Matsukami, Hidenori ^{[5
]}

Suzuki, Go ^{[5
]}

Takahashi, Shin ^{[6
]}

Viet, Pham Hung ^{[3
]}

Kunisue, Tatsuya ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Vietnam Natl Univ, Univ Sci, Fac Chem, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 11000, Vietnam

[2] Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies CMES, 2-5 Bunkyo Cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan

[3] Vietnam Natl Univ, Univ Sci, Key Lab Analyt Technol Environm Qual & Food Safet, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Vietnam

[4] Vietnam Natl Univ, Univ Sci, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Vietnam

[5] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Mat Cycles Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan

[6] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Agr, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908566, Japan

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION | 2022年 / 310卷

基金：

日本学术振兴会;

关键词：

E-waste; End-of-life vehicle; Halogenated flame retardants; Organophosphate esters; Settled dust; Human exposure; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; IN-HOUSE DUST; INDOOR DUST; DECHLORANE PLUS; ADJACENT COMMUNITIES; DISMANTLING FACILITY; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; ROAD DUST; AIR; EXPOSURE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119809

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Information about the co-occurrence of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the environment of informal waste processing areas is still limited, especially in emerging and developing countries. In this study, OPEs and HFRs including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), and chlorinated flame retardants (CFRs) were determined in settled dust from Vietnamese e-waste recycling (WR) and vehicle processing (VP) workshops. Pollutant concentrations decreased in the order: OPEs (median 1500; range 230-410,000 ng/g) approximate to PBDEs (1200; 58-250,000) > NBFRs (140; not detected - 250,000) > CFRs (13; 0.39-2200). HFR and OPE levels in the WR workshops for e-waste and obsolete plastic were significantly higher than in the VP workshops. Decabromodiphenyl ether and decabromodiphenyl ethane are major HFRs, accounting for 60 +/- 26% and 25 +/- 29% of total HFRs, respectively. Triphenyl phosphate, tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, and tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate dominated the OPE profiles, accounting for 30 +/- 25%, 25 +/- 16%, and 24 +/- 18% of total OPEs, respectively. The OPE profiles differed between WR and VP dust samples, implying different usage patterns of these substances in polymer materials for electric/electronic appliance and automotive industries. Human health risk related to dust-bound HFRs and OPEs in the study areas was low.

引用

页数：10

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