Effect of Different Types of Loads on the Force-Velocity Relationship Obtained During the Bench Press Throw Exercise

Cosic, M, Knezevic, OM, Nedeljkovic, A, Djuric, S, Zivkovic, MZ, and Garcia-Ramos, A. Effect of different types of loads on the force-velocity relationship obtained during the bench press throw exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2401-2406, 2021-This study aimed (a) to evaluate the degree of linearity of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship across different types of loads, (b) to compare the magnitude of the F-V relationship parameters (maximum values of force [F-0], velocity [V-0], and power [Pmax]) between the different types of loads, and (c) to explore the concurrent validity of F-0 with traditional measures of maximal strength. The F-V relationships of 15 physically active men (age: 20.9 +/- 2.0 years, bench press 1 repetition maximum relative to body mass: 1.20 +/- 0.10 kg center dot kg(-1)) were determined during the bench press throw exercise using predominantly gravitational (W), inertial (I), and combined (W + I) loads. The bench press maximal isometric force (F-iso) and the 1RM were also assessed. The individual F-V relationships were highly linear regardless of the type of load considered (median r [range] = 0.98 [0.94, 1.00]). The W + I load provided the largest value of F-0 (972 +/- 45 N; 6.0 and 14.6% higher than W and I, respectively), the I load the largest value of V-0 (2.99 +/- 0.34 m center dot s(-1); 40.4 and 20.1% higher than W and W + I, respectively), and the W load the lowest value of Pmax (501 +/- 46 W; -22.7 and -17.1% lower than I and W + I, respectively). The F-0 obtained from the W load presented the highest association with F-iso and 1RM values (r > 0.90). The W + I load and the I load should be recommended to work closer to the F-0 and V-0 capacities, respectively. However, the W load should be recommended to assess maximal strength capacity through the value of F-0.