Binding of phosphoproteins to the regulatory region of the mouse protamine 2 promoter

To understand the transcriptional regulation of the mouse protamine 2 gene, the interactions between nuclear proteins and promoter DNA of the regulatory region was investigated. Within the promoter region, - 170 to + 8, two protein binding sites were identified. Site 1, - 64 to - 48, contained a, cAMP responsive element, CRE, and site 2, - 87 to - 67, contained a CAAT-like element. In vitro phosphorylation of testis nuclear proteins increased the binding affinities for these two sites and also transcriptional activity of the mouse protamine 2 promoter.