T1-Weighted Ultrashort Echo Time Method for Positive Contrast Imaging of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Cancer Cells Bound With the Targeted Nanoparticles

Purpose: To obtain positive contrast based on T-1 weighting from magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) using ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging and investigate quantitative relationship between positive contrast and the core size and concentration of IONPs. Materials and Methods: Solutions of IONPs with different core sizes and concentrations were prepared. T-1 and T-2 relaxation times of IONPs were measured using the inversion recovery turbo spin echo (TSE) and multi-echo spin echo sequences at 3 Tesla. T-1-weighted UTE gradient echo and T-2-weighted TSE sequences were used to image IONP samples. U87MG glioblastoma cells bound with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide and IONP conjugates were scanned using UTE, T-1 and T-2-weighted sequences. Results: Positive contrast was obtained by UTE imaging from IONPs with different core sizes and concentrations. The relative-contrast-to-water ratio of UTE images was three to four times higher than those of T-2-weighted TSE images. The signal intensity increases as the function of the core size and concentration. Positive contrast was also evident in cell samples bound with RGD-IONPs. Conclusion: UTE imaging allows for imaging of IONPs and IONP bound tumor cells with positive contrast and provides contrast enhancement and potential quantification of IONPs in molecular imaging applications.