The salience of choice fuels independence: Implications for self-perception, cognition, and behavior

被引:6
作者
Nanakdewa, Kevin [1 ]
Madan, Shilpa [3 ]
Savani, Krishna [2 ]
Markus, Hazel Rose [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Management, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
[2] Nanyang Technol Univ, Nanyang Business Sch, Div Leadership Management & Org, Singapore 639798, Singapore
[3] Virginia Tech Inst, Pamplin Coll Business, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
[4] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
关键词
choice; independence; individualism; culture; CULTURE; CONSEQUENCES; MOTIVATION; AGENCY; RESPONSIBILITY; AMERICANS; SCHEMATA; INDIANS; MODELS; VALUES;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.2021727118
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
More than ever before, people across the world are exposed to ideas of choice and have opportunities to make choices. What are the consequences of this rapidly expanding exposure to the ideas and practice of choice? The current research investigated an unexamined and potentially powerful consequence of this salience of choice: an awareness and experience of independence. Four studies (n = 1,288) across three cultural contexts known to differ in both the salience of choice and the cultural emphasis on independence (the United States, Singapore, and India) provided converging evidence of a link between the salience of choice and independence. Singaporean students who recalled choices rather than actions represented themselves as larger than their peers (study 1). Conceptually replicating this finding, study 2 found that Americans who recalled choices rather than actions rated themselves as physically stronger. In a word/nonword lexical decision task (study 3), Singaporean students who recalled choices rather than actions were quicker at identifying independence-related words, but not neutral or interdependence related words. Americans, Singaporeans, and Indians all indicated that when working in an organization that emphasized choice, they would be more likely to express their opinions. Similarly, Americans, Singaporeans, and Indians reported a preference for working in such an organization (studies 4a and 4b). The findings suggest that the salience of personal choice may drive an awareness and experience of independence even in contexts where, unlike in the United States, independence has not been the predominant ethos. Choice may be an unmarked and proximate mechanism of cultural change and growing global individualism.
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页数:10
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