Heavy Metals and Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006

被引:169
作者
Agarwal, Shikhar
Zaman, Tarique
Tuzcu, E. Murat [2 ]
Kapadia, Samir R. [1 ]
机构
[1] Cleveland Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Sones Cardiac Catheterizat Labs, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
[2] Cleveland Clin, Inst Heart & Vasc, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
关键词
cadmium; lead; antimony; cobalt; tungsten; heavy metals; cardiovascular disease; cerebrovascular disease; BLOOD CADMIUM; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; LEAD; HYPERTENSION; CIGARETTE;
D O I
10.1177/0003319710395562
中图分类号
R6 [外科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100210 ;
摘要
We assessed the role of lead and cadmium as partial mediators between smoking and composite cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). We also studied the association between urinary heavy metals and CCVD. Pooled data from NHANES 1999-2006 were examined. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease was determined using a standardized questionnaire asking about history of stroke, angina, heart attack, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure. Increasing serum cadmium levels were associated with increasing prevalence of CCVD (P-trend: .03). Adjusted odds-ratio (OR) for active smokers versus never smokers was 2.09 (1.67-2.63). Adjustment for lead did not affect the OR but adjustment for cadmium significantly attenuated the OR (1.54 [1.17-2.03]). Significant association was observed between CCVD and urinary antimony, cadmium, cobalt, and tungsten. High levels of serum cadmium (>0.61 mu g/L) were associated with CCVD. The relationship between smoking and CCVD was partially mediated through cadmium. Urinary antimony, cadmium, cobalt, and tungsten may be associated with CCVD.
引用
收藏
页码:422 / 429
页数:8
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