Mechanisms of Resistance to Photodynamic Therapy

被引:271
作者
Casas, A. [1 ,2 ]
Di Venosa, G. [1 ,2 ]
Hasan, T. [3 ]
Batlle, Al. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Buenos Aires, Hosp Clin Jose de San Martin, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
[2] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, CIPYP, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
[3] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Wellman Labs Photomed WEL 224,Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
关键词
Chemoresistance; cross resistance; PDT; photodynamic therapy; photosensitizer; resistance; apoptosis; photosensitizers; mechanisms; porphyrins; MDR; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; TUMOR DRUG-RESISTANCE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CARCINOMA HT29 CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO;
D O I
10.2174/092986711795843272
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) followed by illumination with visible light, leading to generation of reactive oxygen species. The mechanisms of resistance to PDT ascribed to the PS may be shared with the general mechanisms of drug resistance, and are related to altered drug uptake and efflux rates or altered intracellular trafficking. As a second step, an increased inactivation of oxygen reactive species is also associated to PDT resistance via antioxidant detoxifying enzymes and activation of heat shock proteins. Induction of stress response genes also occurs after PDT, resulting in modulation of proliferation, cell detachment and inducing survival pathways among other multiple extracellular signalling events. In addition, an increased repair of induced damage to proteins, membranes and occasionally to DNA may happen. PDT-induced tissue hypoxia as a result of vascular damage and photochemical oxygen consumption may also contribute to the appearance of resistant cells. The structure of the PS is believed to be a key point in the development of resistance, being probably related to its particular subcellular localization. Although most of the features have already been described for chemoresistance, in many cases, no cross-resistance between PDT and chemotherapy has been reported. These findings are in line with the enhancement of PDT efficacy by combination with chemotherapy. The study of cross resistance in cells with developed resistance against a particular PS challenged against other PS is also highly complex and comprises different mechanisms. In this review we will classify the different features observed in PDT resistance, leading to a comparison with the mechanisms most commonly found in chemo resistant cells.
引用
收藏
页码:2486 / 2515
页数:30
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